Name: 
 

AP CH38



Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

1. 

The integumentary system is responsible for all but which of the following?
a.
protection against bacterial attack
b.
protection against abrasion
c.
synthesis of certain vitamins
d.
blood cell formation
e.
control of temperature and prevention of desiccation
 

2. 

Beaks, hooves, horns, claws, nails, and quills are outgrowths of
a.
epidermis.
b.
hypodermis.
c.
dermis.
d.
gastrodermis.
e.
all of these
 

3. 

The largest organ of the vertebrate body is which of the following?
a.
lungs
b.
liver
c.
stomach
d.
skin
e.
small intestines
 

4. 

Vitamin D is required for __________ metabolism.
a.
sulfur
b.
phosphorus
c.
calcium
d.
potassium
e.
zinc
 

5. 

Which of the following is NOT found in the epidermis?
a.
stratified epithelium
b.
blood vessels
c.
tight cell junctions
d.
keratin
e.
melanin
 

6. 

Melanin protects the skin from
a.
desiccation.
b.
abrasion.
c.
ultraviolet radiation.
d.
infrared damage.
e.
invasion by bacteria.
 

7. 

Which of the following statements is false?
a.
Differences in human skin color are the result of differences in quantities of melanocytes.
b.
Skin is about the thickness of a piece of paper.
c.
In a blister, the epidermis is separated from the dermis.
d.
Hair is composed of layers of dead cells.
e.
Nails, hooves, horns, and hair contain keratin.
 

8. 

Which of the following statements is false concerning the outermost layer of the epidermis?
a.
It is the first to feel any abrasion.
b.
Keratin provides waterproofing.
c.
Millions of cells are worn off daily.
d.
Its cells are undergoing rapid cell division.
e.
It is called the stratum corneum.
 

9. 

In which of the following types is the skeleton substance NOT technically a part of the animal?
a.
exoskeleton
b.
endoskeleton
c.
musculoskeleton
d.
articuloskeleton
e.
hydrostatic
 

10. 

For an arthropod, an exoskeleton has which serious disadvantage?
a.
inability to grow
b.
too much weight for flying
c.
poor placement of muscles for leverage
d.
lack of flexible appendages
e.
poor water retention
 

11. 

Which organisms have a somewhat rigid internal skeleton and many muscles?
a.
octopuses
b.
earthworms
c.
sea anemones
d.
insects
e.
vertebrates
 

12. 

The mineral stored in greatest quantity in bones is
a.
phosphorus.
b.
iron.
c.
magnesium.
d.
calcium.
e.
sulfur.
 

13. 

Which of the following statements is false?
a.
Calcium is the most important mineral involved with bone tissue turnover.
b.
Osteocytes and osteoclasts are involved with the reabsorption and repair of bones.
c.
Bone mass decreases with age.
d.
Males have greater problems with loss of bone tissue than females.
e.
Marrow fills the cavities in the spaces of the spongy bone and in the center of the shaft of the bone almost as quickly as the spaces are formed.
 

14. 

If some bleached bones found lying in the desert were carefully examined, which of the following would NOT be present?
a.
osteocytes
b.
Haversian canals
c.
calcium
d.
marrow cavity
e.
compact bone tissue
 

15. 

The human axial skeleton includes all but which of the following?
a.
skull
b.
ribs
c.
pectoral girdle
d.
sternum
e.
vertebral column
 

16. 

The bone in the upper arm is the
a.
radius.
b.
ulna.
c.
tibia.
d.
humerus.
e.
femur.
 

17. 

Bones in fingers or toes are called
a.
hyoid.
b.
patella.
c.
scapula.
d.
clavicle.
e.
phalanges.
 

18. 

The kneecap is the
a.
hyoid.
b.
patella.
c.
scapula.
d.
clavicle.
e.
phalanx.
 

19. 

The collarbone is the
a.
hyoid.
b.
patella.
c.
scapula.
d.
clavicle.
e.
phalanx.
 

20. 

The shoulder blade is the
a.
hyoid.
b.
patella.
c.
scapula.
d.
clavicle.
e.
phalanx.
 

21. 

Bones of the face and vertebrae are examples of which kind of bones?
a.
long
b.
short
c.
flat
d.
irregular
e.
all of these
 

22. 

Bones such as the humerus and femur are examples of which kind of bones?
a.
long
b.
short
c.
flat
d.
irregular
e.
all of these
 

23. 

The nonmoving joints between skull bones are examples of what kind of joints?
a.
synovial
b.
fibrous
c.
cartilaginous
d.
hinge
e.
none of these
 

24. 

Muscles are attached to bones by means of
a.
sarcomeres.
b.
ligaments.
c.
cross-bridges.
d.
cuticle.
e.
tendons.
 

25. 

Each muscle fiber is also called a
a.
muscle.
b.
muscle cell.
c.
myofibril.
d.
sarcomere.
e.
all of these
 

26. 

When a sarcomere shortens,
a.
the actin filaments shorten.
b.
the myosin filaments shorten.
c.
both actin and myosin shorten.
d.
neither actin nor myosin shortens.
 

27. 

During muscle contractions,
a.
the myofibrils shorten.
b.
the actin and myosin filaments slide over each other.
c.
the filaments move toward the middle of the sarcomere during contraction and away on relaxation.
d.
the muscle fibers thicken.
e.
all of these
 

28. 

During contraction,
a.
cross-bridges of muscle filaments are broken and reformed.
b.
ATP is used to form cross-bridges.
c.
muscle cells use glycogen as their energy source.
d.
if there is a poor supply of oxygen, glycogen depletion by glycolysis will lead to fatigue.
e.
all of these
 

29. 

Functionally, the plasma membrane of a muscle cell is most like that of a
a.
bone cell.
b.
nerve cell.
c.
cartilage cell.
d.
pancreatic islet cell.
e.
epidermal cell.
 

30. 

Which substance is released by motor neurons to initiate a muscle contraction?
a.
acetylcholine
b.
dopamine
c.
serotonin
d.
noradrenalin
e.
all of these
 

Short Answer
 
 
Bones

Answer the following questions in reference to the five bones listed below:

a.      clavicle
b.      lumbar vertebra
c.      tibia
d.      metatarsal
e.      metacarpal
 

31. 

Refer to Bones. This bone is not part of the appendicular skeleton.
 

32. 

Refer to Bones. This bone is part of the wishbone of birds.
 

33. 

Refer to Bones. This bone is a toe bone in birds.
 
 
Muscles

Answer the following questions in reference to the five muscles listed below:

a.      pectoralis major
b.      deltoid
c.      rectus femoris
d.      triceps
e.      gastrocnemius
 

34. 

Refer to Muscles. This muscle is antagonistic to the action of the biceps.
 

35. 

Refer to Muscles. This muscle is the principal flight muscle of birds.
 



 
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