Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which
of the following could be called "pathogens"? a. | viruses | b. | bacteria | c. | protozoans | d. | viruses and bacteria only, because they are
alive | e. | viruses, bacteria, and protozoans | | |
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2.
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Peptidoglycan is a. | found in the chromosomes of most
bacteria. | b. | composed of long polysaccharides crosslinked with short
polypeptides. | c. | composed of long polypeptides held together by disulfide
bridges. | d. | a unique combination of protein lipid and
fat. | | |
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3.
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All
but which one of the following are characteristics of at least some of the bacteria? a. | photosynthesis | b. | heterotrophy | c. | chemosynthesis | d. | multicellularity | | |
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4.
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Bacteria can obtain their nutrition by a. | photosynthesis. | b. | chemosynthesis. | c. | heterotrophy. | d. | photosynthesis and chemosynthesis
only. | e. | all of these | | |
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5.
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Which
of the following concerning bacteria is true? a. | They are diploid organisms. | b. | They produce
gametes. | c. | They possess circular DNA molecules. | d. | They are
eukaryotic. | | |
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6.
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Which
of the following statements is false? a. | Pili enable bacteria to attach to another bacterium or to the
surface membranes of their hosts. | b. | Some plasmids confer resistance to various
antibiotics. | c. | Plasmids can act in a way that allows a bacterium to donate DNA
during conjugation. | d. | In bacterial photosynthesis, oxygen is not a
by-product. | e. | Plasmids permit bacteria to carry on autotrophic reactions such
as chemosynthesis. | | |
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7.
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The
process by which one bacterial cell transfers DNA to another is a. | fission. | b. | gametic fusion. | c. | conjugation. | d. | lysis. | e. | none of
these | | |
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8.
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Traditionally, bacteria have been grouped on the basis of all but which one of the
following? a. | mode of
nutrition | b. | evolutionary relationships | c. | response to
staining techniques | d. | energy source | e. | pathogenicity or
nonpathogenicity | | |
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9.
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Which
is a swamp gas? a. | carbon
monoxide | b. | carbon dioxide | c. | ammonia
sulfide | d. | methane | e. | hydrogen
sulfide | | |
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10.
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Endospores are produced by a. | chrysophytes. | b. | monerans. | c. | protozoans. | d. | viruses. | | |
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11.
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When
nutrients are scarce, some bacteria a. | engage in conjugation. | b. | switch to
photosynthesis. | c. | form endospores. | d. | become
pathogenic. | e. | die. | | |
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12.
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The
strongest poison known to humans is produced by a. | Clostridium botulinum. | b. | Clostridium
tetani. | c. | fer-de-lance snakes. | d. | certain nettles
in Java. | e. | vines and is called curare. | | |
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13.
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E.
coli a. | is a normal
inhabitant of human intestinal tracts. | b. | has some strains that produce toxins and cause
disease. | c. | may be the leading cause of infant mortality in developing
countries. | d. | produces vitamin K and compounds used in fat
digestion. | e. | all of these | | |
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14.
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Heterocysts are regions in filamentous cyanobacteria a. | that can break
and allow for reproduction by fragmentation. | b. | where endospores
are formed. | c. | where the filament is attached to its
substrates. | d. | where nitrogen fixation occurs. | e. | where
photosynthesis occurs. | | |
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15.
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Borrelia burgdorferi is the cause of a. | tetanus. | b. | syphilis. | c. | Lyme
disease. | d. | legionnaires disease. | e. | severe
diarrhea. | | |
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16.
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Bacteria are able to sense a. | magnetic fields. | b. | light. | c. | gravity. | d. | oxygen
concentration. | e. | all of these | | |
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17.
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In
many aspects, bacteria are more "advanced" in their __________ than in their
__________. a. | reproduction;
structure | b. | metabolism; genetic composition | c. | chemical
composition; classification | d. | behavior; structure | | |
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18.
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Which
of the following statements is false? a. | A single bacterium could potentially produce over 1 billion
bacteria in less than a day. | b. | Over a million viruses could be found in the space equivalent
to the dot of an i. | c. | Microorganisms fit into almost all categories of life-styles
such as pathogens, parasites, autotrophs, and decomposers. | d. | Although viruses
are not alive, they can reproduce independently under appropriate
conditions. | e. | Viruses have nucleic acids and proteins, but no
organelles. | | |
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19.
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Which
statement is inaccurate? a. | Viruses are not able to move by
themselves. | b. | Viruses are not able to reproduce by
themselves. | c. | Viruses are not structurally
organized. | d. | Some biologists consider viruses to be forms of life and other
biologists consider them to be nonlife. | e. | Viruses contain instructions to manufacture
themselves. | | |
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20.
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A
virus is characterized by all but which one of the following? a. | enzymes of
respiration | b. | nucleic acid core | c. | noncellular
organization | d. | protein coat | | |
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21.
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Which
of the following is false? a. | The outer coats of all viruses are
alike. | b. | The virus uses either DNA or RNA at its core, but not
both. | c. | Viruses can be replicated only after they enter a living
cell. | d. | Most viruses have a protein coat or
covering. | e. | A virus may not kill a host cell but may become inactive for a
period of latency. | | |
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22.
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Which
disease is NOT caused by a virus? a. | smallpox | b. | polio | c. | influenza | d. | syphilis | e. | herpes | | |
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23.
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Flu
pandemics are caused by the spread of a. | pathogenic bacteria. | b. | RNA
viruses. | c. | DNA viruses. | d. | parasitic
protozoans. | | |
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24.
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Herpes viruses that produce latent infections include all but which one of the
following? a. | infectious
mononucleosis | b. | genital herpes | c. | chicken
pox | d. | hepatitis | e. | cancer | | |
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25.
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Infective proteins are known as a. | retroviruses. | b. | vivoids. | c. | viruses. | d. | prions. | e. | none of these, because nucleic acids are needed for
infections | | |
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26.
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Which
of the following does NOT belong to the protistans? a. | bacteria | b. | protozoans | c. | chrysophytes | d. | dinoflagellates | e. | euglenoids | | |
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27.
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All
but which of the following are members of the same kingdom? a. | Amoeba | b. | Clostridium | c. | Euglena | d. | Trypanosoma | | |
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28.
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The
simplest of the eukaryotes are the a. | protistans. | b. | plants. | c. | fungi. | d. | animals. | e. | both a and c | | |
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29.
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Cellular slime molds can be distinguished from plasmodial slime molds on the basis
of a. | reproductive
structures. | b. | spore formation. | c. | nuclei per
cell. | d. | slime trails. | e. | food
requirements. | | |
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30.
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Protozoans can be classified on the basis of their a. | photosynthetic
nature. | b. | life cycle. | c. | unique
structures. | d. | type of motility. | e. | feeding
habitats. | | |
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31.
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Which
of the following specialized structures is NOT correctly paired with a function? a. | gullet-ingestion | b. | cilia-food gathering | c. | contractile
vacuole-digestion | d. | anal pore-waste elimination | e. | ribosome-protein
synthesis | | |
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32.
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When
under attack ciliates can eject sticky threads called a. | vacuoles. | b. | trichocysts. | c. | cysts. | d. | pseudopods. | e. | pellicles. | | |
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33.
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Which
of the following has a simple sort of sexual reproduction called conjugation? a. | ciliates | b. | flagellates | c. | sporozoans | d. | amoebas | e. | euglenoids | | |
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34.
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Protozoans cause all but which of the following diseases? a. | dysentery | b. | African sleeping sickness | c. | malaria | d. | elephantiasis | e. | trichomonal
infections of the reproductive tract | | |
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35.
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All
but which of the following are protozoan parasites of humans? a. | Trypanosoma | b. | Trichomonas | c. | Euglena | d. | Entamoeba | | |
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36.
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The
least mobile protistans include a. | euglenoids. | b. | ciliates. | c. | sporozoans. | d. | dinoflagellates. | e. | flagellates. | | |
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37.
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The
term phytoplankton a. | is a taxonomic division of the algae. | b. | is a common term
for unicellular, photoautotrophs. | c. | includes both unicellular and multicellular
forms. | d. | refers to small, aquatic plants. | | |
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38.
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Euglenoids a. | sometimes reproduce faster than their chloroplasts, so that
colorless euglenids are produced. | b. | may become a serious parasitic infection in some small
children. | c. | reproduce by conjugation. | d. | usually can
survive only in light. | | |
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39.
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Certain euglenoids are unique among the protistans in that they a. | possess
flagella. | b. | reproduce by longitudinal fission. | c. | are
heterotrophic and autotrophic. | d. | are multicellular. | | |
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40.
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"Red tides" and extensive fish kills are caused by population
"blooms" of a. | Euglena. | b. | specific
dinoflagellates. | c. | diatoms. | d. | Plasmodium. | e. | fish. | | |
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41.
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Dinoflagellates a. | may produce red tides that poison and kill
fish. | b. | produce a poison that builds up in the tissues of mussels and
may kill humans that eat infected mussels. | c. | may undergo a population explosion that turns the ocean red or
various colors. | d. | are mostly photosynthetic marine
plankton. | e. | all of these | | |
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42.
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The
red algae are classified as a. | Rhodophyta. | b. | Chlorophyta. | c. | Phaeophyta. | d. | Bryophyta. | e. | Pterophyta. | | |
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43.
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Agar
is produced by a. | brown
algae. | b. | red algae. | c. | phycobilins. | d. | brown and red algae. | e. | red algae and
phycobilins. | | |
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44.
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Macrocystis, kelp, and Sargassum are examples of a. | Rhodophyta. | b. | Chlorophyta. | c. | Phaeophyta. | d. | Bryophyta. | e. | Pterophyta. | | |
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45.
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Which
of the following parts of a brown alga does not have a counterpart in land plants? a. | blade | b. | stipe | c. | float | d. | holdfast | | |
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46.
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A
source for a thickening, emulsifying agent found in ice cream, salad dressing, beer, toothpaste,
cough syrup, and floor polish is the a. | seed plants. | b. | ferns. | c. | brown algae. | d. | red
algae. | e. | green algae. | | |
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47.
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All
but which of the following terms may be used in descriptions of brown algae? a. | Phaeophyta | b. | algin | c. | kelp | d. | xanthophyll | e. | phycobilin | | |
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48.
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Which
pigment is NOT characteristic of Chlorophyta? a. | chlorophyll a | b. | xanthophyll | c. | carotenoids | d. | phycoerythrins | e. | chlorophyll b | | |
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49.
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The
unicellular alga Chlamydomonas a. | lacks an asexual stage. | b. | lacks a sexual
stage. | c. | lacks a haploid and a diploid phase. | d. | possesses both a
haploid and a diploid phase. | | |
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50.
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Green
algae and land plants are similar in all but which of the following characteristics? a. | types and
proportions of photosynthetic pigments | b. | storage of carbohydrate in the form of
starch | c. | cell walls composed of cellulose | d. | haploid dominant
life cycles | | |
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Short Answer
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Bacteria
Answer the
following questions using the five groups listed below:
a. halophiles
b. cyanobacteria
c. thermophiles
d. actinomycetes
e. methanogens
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51.
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Refer
to Bacteria. These bacteria can live in water of very high salt concentration.
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52.
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Refer
to Bacteria. These can form heterocysts, valuable in nitrogen fixation.
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Five Groups
Answer the
following questions using the five groups listed below:
a. sporozoans
b. amoebas
c. euglenoids
d. dinoflagellates
e. trypanosomes
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53.
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Refer
to Five Groups. Possesses eyespot for detecting light needed for photosynthesis.
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54.
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Refer
to Five Groups. Move by means of pseudopodia.
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55.
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Refer
to Five Groups. Neurotoxin from this group can kill humans.
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Protozoans
Answer the
following questions in reference to the four groups of protozoans listed
below:
a.
Mastigophora
b. Sarcodina
c. Sporozoa
d. Ciliophora
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56.
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Refer
to Protozoans. The radiolarians, which produce glass shells, are members of this group.
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57.
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Refer
to Protozoans. An organism commonly used in competition experiments is the Paramecium, which
belongs to this group.
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